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Java Tutorial

This Java tutorial has been written for beginners to advanced programmers who are striving to learn Java Programming. We have provided numerious practical examples to explain the concepts in simple and easy steps. This tutorial has been prepared and reviewed by experienced Java Programmers at TheMAK Pro and best effort has been put to make it useful for the students and Java developers.

After completing this tutorial, you will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise in Java Programming, from where you can elevate yourself to the next levels.

What is Java?

Java is a popular high-level, object-oriented programming language, which was originally developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995. Currently, Java is owned by Oracle and more than 3 billion devices run Java. Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX. Today Java is being used to develop numerous types of software applications including Desktop Apps, Mobile apps, Web apps, Games, and much more.

Java is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers Write Once, Run Anywhere (WORA). This means that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile.

In this tutorial, you will learn everything about Java starting from basics to advanced concepts such as overview, history, installations, basic input/output, conditional & control statements, arrays, classes, inheritances, method overloading & overriding, exceptional handling, exception handling, and many more.

Java First Example

The first example in Java is to print “Hello, World!” on the screen. Let’s have a quick look at the first examples in Java programming example:

public class MyFirstJavaProgram {

   /* This is my first java program.
    * This will print 'Hello, World!' as the output
    */

   public static void main(String []args) {
      System.out.println("Hello, World!"); // prints Hello, World!
   }
}

Online Java Compiler

Our Java programming tutorial provides various examples to explain the concepts. To compile and execute the given Java programming examples in your browser itself, we have provided Online Java Compiler. You can Edit and Execute almost all the examples directly from your browser without the need to set up your development environment.

Try to click the play icon to run the following Java code to print conventional “Hello, World!” using Java Programming.

Below code box allows you to change the value of the code. So, please try to change the value inside println() and run it again to verify the result.

public class MyFirstJavaProgram {

   /* This is my first java program.
    * This will print 'Hello, World!' as the output
    */

   public static void main(String []args) {
      System.out.println("Hello, World!"); // prints Hello, World!
   }
}

Java Features

Java is a feature-rich language. Java is evolving continuously with every update and updates are coming after every six months. Following are some of the main features of Java language -

  • Object Oriented: Java is a pure object-oriented language and everything in Java is an object. Java supports OOPS principles like Inheritance, Encapsulation, Polymorphism, Classes , and so on. Java itself can be extended as well being based on an object model.
  • Platform Independent: Java code is platform independent. A Java code is not compiled into machine-specific code, it is compiled into a platform-neutral byte code. This byte code is executed by JVM which runs the code on the underlying platform. This capability makes Java a Write Once Run Anywhere language.
  • Easy To Learn: Java inherits features from C, and C++ and developers can easily learn Java if they know any of the C or C++ language. Even for someone new to computer languages, java is very easy to learn from scratch.
  • Secure: Java is secure by architecture. A developer is not required to directly interact with underlying memory or Operating System. Java provides automatic garbage collection so developers are not required to worry about memory leaks, management, etc.
  • Architectural-Neutral: Java byte code can be executed on any kind of processor. JRE automatically handles the code execution on different types of processors.
  • Portable - A Java code written on a windows machine can be executed without any code change on MacOS and vice versa. There is no need to make any operating system-specific code changes.
  • Robust - Java is a very robust language with very strong compile-time error checks, strict type checking, and runtime exception handling.
  • Multithreading - Java provides inbuilt support for multiprocessing and multithreading. Java provides thread handling, monitors, deadlock handling, racing conditions, etc.
  • High Performance - Java although being interpreted, still is very performant. JIT (Just In Time) compiler helps in improving performance.
  • Distributed - Java is designed for distributed systems and is the most popular language for developing internet-based applications as the internet is a distributed environment.

Java Applications

Since Java supports object-oriented features and is platform-independent, it is extensively used in various fields. Listed below are a few areas where Java is used -

  • Enterprise solutions
  • Game development
  • Secured web development
  • Embedded systems
  • Mobile application development
  • Big Data Applications, and many more.

Java Platforms (Editions)

Platforms of Java are divided into four Java editions, which are −

  • Java SE (Java Standard Edition): It is a standard edition that is used to develop and deploy portable code for desktop and server environments.
  • Java EE (Java Enterprise Edition): It is an enterprise edition that is used to develop web applications.
  • Java ME (Java Micro Edition): J2ME is used to develop mobile applications, it is a Micro edition of Java.
  • JavaFx: It is used to develop light-weighted user interface for rich internet applications.

Java Jobs & Opportunities

Java is very high in demand and all the major companies are recruiting Java Programmers to develop their Desktop, Web and Mobile applications.

Today a Java Programmer with 3-5 years of experience is asking for around $120,000 annual package and this is the most demanding programming language in America. Though it can vary depending on the location of the Job. Following are the great companies who are using Java and they need good Java Programmers:

  • Google
  • Microsoft
  • Facebook
  • IBM
  • Amazon
  • Netflix
  • Pinterest
  • Uber
  • JetBrains
  • Many more…

So, you could be the next potential employee for any of these major companies. We have developed a great learning material for Java which will help you prepare for the technical interviews and certification exams based on Java. So, start learning Java using this simple and effective tutorial from anywhere and anytime absolutely at your pace.

Why to Learn Java?

Java is a MUST to learn programming language for students and working professionals to become a great Software Engineer specially when they are working in Software Development Domain. If you will conduct a servey about the best programming language around, Java is sure to come up.

Java is fairly easy programming language to learn, so if you are starting to learn any programming language then Java could be your great choice. There’s also plenty of Java tools that make it easy for developers and beginners to use. There are many other good reasons which makes Java as the first choice of any programmer:

  • Java is Open Source which means its available free of cost.
  • Java is simple and so easy to learn
  • Java is much in demand and ensures high salary
  • Java has a large vibrant community
  • Java has powerful development tools
  • Java is platform independent

Who should Learn Java

This Java tutorial will help both students as well as working professionals who want to develop applications using Java technologies like banking systems, support systems, information systems, web websites, mobile apps, personal blogs, etc. We recommend reading this tutorial, in the sequence listed in the left-side menu.

Today, Java is one of the most demanding programming languages and so it has become an essential language to learn for anyone involved in the software application development process including Software Developers, Software Designers, Project Managers, etc.

Prerequisites to Learn Java

Though we have tried our best to present the Core Java concepts in a simple and easy way, still before you start learning Java, it is assumed that the readers have a reasonable exposure to any programming environment and knowledge of basic concepts such as variables, commands, syntax, etc.

Getting Started with Java Tutorial

Get started with Java by understanding its basics, environment setup, and then follow the chapters provided in this tutorial: Let’s start learning with an overview of Java.

FAQs about Java Tutorial

There are some important frequently asked questions (FAQs) about Java Programming tutorial, this section lists them down along with their answers briefly - −

1. What are the 4 important concepts in Java?

Java supports abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance.. These are 4 major theoretical principles of object-oriented programming. But Java also works with three further OOP concepts: association, aggregation, and composition.

2. What are the benefits of Java?

(a) Java is free and open source (b) Java is community driven and has expert leadership (c) Java is fast and high-performance. (d) Java is easy to learn. (e) Java is statically typed (f) Java is object-oriented. (g) Java supports functional programming.

3. How much time will it take to learn Java?

Learning style, and dedication to the amount of time you can spend each day affect a lot. However, on average, it takes around 6 to 12 months to learn Java programming.

The Java language is easily extensible because it is based on an object model. Platform-dependent. Unlike many other programming languages, Java is compiled, not into a platform-dependent machine, but into platform-independent byte code.

5. What are the advantages of Java over Python?

Python and Java are two of the most popular programming languages among software programmers. Java is generally faster and more efficient than Python because it is a compiled language where as Python is an interpreted language and has simpler, more concise syntax than Java.

6. How do I start learning Java?

Here are the summarized list of tips which you can follow to start learning Java.

  • First and the most important is to make your mind to learn Java.
  • Install Java Virtual Machine and Java Compilers on your computer system.
  • Follow our tutorial step by step starting from very begining.
  • Read more articles, watch online courses or buy a book on Java to enhance your knowledge in Java.
  • Try to develop a small software using Java and other technologies like MySQL if you want to make use of a database.

7. What are Java Technologies for Web Applications?

Java provides following technologies to help Web Development

  • Java Servlet API.
  • Java Server Pages Standard Tag Library.
  • Java Server Faces Technology.
  • Java Message Service API.
  • JDBC API.
  • Java Persistence API.
  • Java Naming and Directory Interface.
  • NetBeans IDE.
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